Abstract: Concrete dams are complex structures, the seismic safety of which would not only affect the normal operation of dam itself but also lead to catastrophic effects on a regional scale. In order to design, maintain and manage the concrete dams in a reasonable and effective way, this paper introduces the method of structural fragility analysis. The application of fragility analysis in dams engineering and the technical difficulties are presented. In addition, the developing prospect of the fragility for concrete dams is also put forward.