Abstract: During the period of September 28, 2016 through October 16, 2016, rainfall generated prior to and by Hurricane Matthew resulted in some areas of North Carolina experiencing precipitation totals of up to 22 inches over 24 hours. There were twelve state regulated dams and eight dams currently exempt from state regulation confirmed to have breached during this event. In addition, the state responded to incidents at multiple dams where the dam did not breach. Response to these dam failures involved the dam owners, the North Carolina Dam Safety Program, the North Carolina Department of Public Safety (NC DPS), local emergency managers, FEMA Region IV, the Department of Homeland Security Infrastructure Protection, North Carolina National Guard, and others. This paper provides an overview of the responses to dams during this event, the lessons learned regarding response to dam breaches and incidents in North Carolina, and the information on how the state program has evolved since the storm.

Key words: dam safety, emergency response, risk, lesson

摘要： 2016年9月28日~10月16日期间，以及马修飓风到来之前和抵达之时，美国北卡罗来纳州部分地区24 h内的降雨量达到22英寸（55.88 cm）。飓风期间，有12座北卡罗来纳州监管的大坝和8座非北卡罗来纳州监管的大坝被证实发生失事。此外，还有多座大坝发生事故，但未发生溃决，州政府也相应地做出了应急响应。针对大坝失事，参与应急响应的单位有大坝业主、北卡罗来纳州大坝安全项目部、北卡罗来纳州公共安全部、当地应急管理人员、联邦应急管理署第四区域、国土安全部基础设施保护部门、北卡罗来纳州国民警卫队等。笔者主要概述了北卡罗来纳州和联邦应急管理署在马修飓风到来之前采取的行动以及飓风期间大坝发生失事和事故时采取的应急措施，讨论了取得的经验教训和飓风之后州项目的优化和进展等。

关键词: 大坝安全, 应急响应, 风险, 经验