关键词: 大坝安全, 公共安全, 瑞典

Abstract: This paper is giving very brief information on Swedish dams, dam safety and safety for the public around dams.
There are an estimated 10 000 dams in Sweden, of varying size, type and age. Of these, 190 are hydropower dams classified internationally as large dams. Some of the hydropower dams are very old but most of them were built later than 1950. Earth and Rock fill dams are in majority.
The Swedish hydropower dams have in general performed well, but some problems have arisen linked to internal erosion in embankment dam moraine cores due to too coarse filters and other to deterioration in older concrete dams due to concrete construction methods in earlier days.
Swedish dams are under upgrading to meet now industry safety guidelines RIDAS including new guidelines on design floods. An extensive program of upgrading the dams to implement the guidelines is going on.
In later years mutual actions from the state, power industry and universities have been taken to provide necessary competence for the future in the dam and dam safety field. Besides the technical issues a system view is applied including risk analyses involving not just technology but also personal and organizational aspects. This effort is successful and involving many doctor students and researchers.
Sweden has no specific law on dam safety for the time being. There are regulations on dam safety in several regulatory frameworks, the most central of which are the Environmental Code and the Civil Protection Act. Under these regulations, the operator is required to obtain the necessary knowledge, investigate and assess the risks involved in the operations from environmental and health perspectives, draw up and follow routines for self-regulation and otherwise take requisite measures and be prepared to prevent damage.
The Swedish regulatory system is under revision and a governmental inquiry is proposing a stronger grip from the state for the future.
Public Safety around dams is of growing interest in Europe and around the world today. New Swedish industry guideline is under implementation, including risk analyses, warning and hindering activities and installations.

Key words: dam safety, public safety, Sweden