关键词: 安全等级, 失事, 风险管理, 大坝安全

Abstract: Since 1997 when the law On hydraulic structures safety was put into effect, all hydraulic structures whose failure would result in emergency situation must have their safety level assessed.
Operating state and failure risk are one of the basic factors, which define safety level. As the dam state is evaluated, all the necessary measures for providing normal operating state and safety level in the large are outlined, hydraulic structure failure scenarios are justified, state monitoring recommendations are developed if necessary.
Failure risk is a combination of failure probability (or average annual failure frequency) and failure consequence (third-party losses).
Optimal failure risk management is conducted in two directions: by reducing structure failure probability and by mitigating failure consequences. In the first case the key factors are: dam state supervision, monitoring including Data Diagnostic Systems designed for safety control, justification, planning and timely maintenance.
The severity of failure consequences can be reduced first of all by organizational measures. At the same time the following conditions must be met: availability of information concerning different failure
scenarios and ways of their development (this information can be obtained from the results of structure state and its failure probability evaluation); dam break wave and flood zone parameters (in case of hydrodynamic failure); information concerning possible third-party losses.
This paper describes complex approach for the support of dam safety and reliability with JSC“RusHydro”Hydraulic Structures Safety and Reliability Management System as an example. Basic principles of dam failure risk management and its role in the support of reliability and safety of hydraulic structures in Russia are also described in the report. A number of high dams are used as examples to describe the ways of safety and reliability management, including those based on dam state evaluation results.

Key words: safety level, failure, risk management, dam safety