To meet the higher requirements for real-time, accuracy and instrument intelligence in the construction of intelligent dams and digital twins, study on lightweight and intelligent modification of traditional plumbline coordinator and wire alignment transducer is conducted. These instruments have large volume and weight, long time consuming measurement, inconsistent interfaces, poor environmental adaptability and are susceptible to background light interference. Through technical approaches such as structural material optimization, operation mode improvement and measurement circuit optimization, specific improvement measures are proposed: using high-strength lightweight alloy materials to achieve miniaturization and weight reduction of the instrument; designing a standardized communication interface based on RS-485 and ModBus protocols and integrating an intelligent processing module; developing three configurable measurement modes, namely verification, standard and rapid, significantly shortening the measurement time; adding an environmental light measurement tube in the photoelectric receiving system and combining with a differential amplifier circuit to achieve real-time compensation for background light interference. Field comparison tests show that the weight of the new instrument is reduced to 35%~36% of the original, the volume is reduced by approximately 60%, the measurements fluctuation is significantly reduced, the correlation coefficient of the statistical model is increased to 0.83~0.99, and the standard deviation is reduced to 0.02~0.09 mm. The study shows that the stepwise deformation monitoring instrument after lightweight and intelligent modification has significant improvement in portability, measurement efficiency, environmental adaptability and data reliability, and can better meet the needs of safety monitoring of modern water conservancy project.

：为适应智能大坝与数字孪生工程建设对监测数据实时性、精确性及仪器智能化的更高要求，针对传统步进式垂线坐标仪与引张线仪存在的体积和重量大、测量耗时长、接口不统一、环境适应性差及易受背景光干扰等问题，开展了轻量化与智能化改造研究。通过结构材料优化、运行模式改进与测量电路优化等技术途径，提出了具体改进措施：采用高强度轻质合金材料实现仪器小型化与减重；设计基于RS-485与ModBus协议的标准化通信接口，并集成智能处理模块；开发校核、标准与快速三种可配置测量模式，显著缩短测量时间；在光电接收系统中增设环境光测量管，结合差分放大电路实现背景光干扰的实时补偿。现场对比试验表明，新型仪器重量降至原有仪器的35%~36%，体积减小约60%，测量数据波动显著降低，统计模型的复相关系数提高至0.83~0.99，标准差减小至0.02~0.09 mm。研究表明，经轻量化与智能化改造后的步进式变形监测仪器在便携性、测量效率、环境适应性和数据可靠性方面均得到显著提升，能够更好地满足现代水利工程安全监测的需求。