Abstract: Against the backdrop of frequent extreme weather events, the scientific nature and operability of emergency response plans for the safety management of large reservoir dams are of critical importance. Addressing issues such as unclear accountability and insufficient technical support in current emergency response plans, this paper proposes a "1+3" tiered emergency response plan system. By integrating smart technologies such as digital twins, the system strengthens end-to-end emergency response
mechanisms and support measures. The study indicates that through the restructuring of responsibilities, technological empowerment, and regular drills, the accuracy and practicality of emergency response plans can be significantly improved, providing a reference for similar projects.

Key words: large reservoir, dam safety, emergency response plan, system optimization

摘要： 极端天气频发背景下，大型水库大坝安全管理应急预案的科学性与可操作性至关重要。笔者针对当前预案存在的责任主体模糊、技术支撑不足等问题，提出“1+3”分级预案体系，融入数字孪生等智慧技术，强化全链条应急机制与保障措施。研究表明，通过责任重构、技术赋能与常态化演练，可显著提升预案精准性与可操作性，可供参考。

关键词: 大型水库, 大坝安全, 应急预案, 体系优化