Abstract: Aiming at low emergency response efficiency and prominent safety hazards of small and medi ⁃ um-sized reservoirs caused by low engineering standards, poor monitoring capabilities, low professional level of personnel and scattered regulation authority under the background of frequent extreme weather events, taking the small and medium-sized reservoirs in Yuanping City, Shanxi Province as study ob ⁃ ject, and combining with operation practice, a dynamic closed-loop emergency regulation mechanism of "early warning-analysis-regulation-feedback" and a three-level risk prevention and control system of "prevention-handling-recovery" have been established. Three core solutions, namely "hierarchical au ⁃ thorization+collaborative regulation", "empirical formula+case matching" and "low-cost engineering+ef⁃ ficient non- engineering measures", have been innovatively proposed. The response to extreme rain ⁃ storms of three reservoirs with different management entities in Yuanping City in 2023 verified that the emergency response time was shortened by 57%, the regulation accuracy was improved by 35%, and the risk of downstream flooding was reduced by more than 60%, providing a feasible, replicable and low- cost safety response plan for small and medium-sized reservoirs in the northern temperate monsoon re ⁃ gion.

Key words: extreme weather, small and medium-sized reservoir, emergency regulation, risk prevention and control system

摘要： 针对极端天气频发背景下，中小型水库因“工程标准低、监测能力低、人员专业度低、调度权限散”导致的 应急处置效率低、安全隐患突出问题，以山西原平市中小型水库为研究对象，结合运行实践，构建“预警-研判-调 度-反馈”动态闭环应急调度机制与“预防-处置-恢复”三级风险防控体系，创新提出“分级授权+协同调度”“经验 公式+案例匹配”“低成本工程改造+高效非工程措施”三大核心方案。经原平市3座不同管理主体水库2023年极 端暴雨处置实例验证：应急响应时间缩短57%，调度精度提升35%，下游淹没风险降低60%以上，为北方温带季风 区中小型水库提供可落地、可复制、低成本的安全应对方案。

关键词: 极端天气, 中小型水库, 应急调度, 风险防控体系