ISSN 1671-1092 CN 33-1260/TK

大坝与安全 ›› 2025 ›› Issue (5): 1-.

• 专栏 •    下一篇

高土石坝漫顶溃坝过程模拟理论与方法

钟启明 1,2,3,陈生水 1,2,3,顾行文 1,2,3,蒋正淳 1,单熠博 1   

  1. 1. 南京水利科学研究院,江苏 南京,210029;2. 水灾害防御全国重点实验室,江苏 南京,210098;3. 水利部水库大坝安全重点实验室,江苏 南京,210029
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-08 出版日期:2025-10-30 发布日期:2026-01-30
  • 作者简介:钟启明(1981— ),男,安徽明光人,正高级工程师,博士生导师,主要从事土石坝和堰塞湖溃坝模拟理论与防控技术研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家 自 然 科 学 基 金 项 目(U22A20602,U24A20182);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(Y324006,Yk325002)

Theoretical and methodological approaches for simulation of overtopping-induced high earth-rock dam breaching processes#br#

ZHONG Qiming, CHEN Shengshui, GU Xingwen, JIANG Zhengchun and SHAN Yibo#br#   

  1.  Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute
  • Received:2025-10-08 Online:2025-10-30 Published:2026-01-30

摘要: 我国是世界上高土石坝数量最多的国家,它们在发挥巨大效益的同时,也存在着灾变甚至溃坝的风险。与高混凝土坝相比,由粗粒土和防渗体构筑而成的高土石坝抗冲蚀能力低,极端降水形成的特大洪水更易使其发生漫顶溃坝,且溃坝过程表现出更为复杂的渐进式破坏特征。高土石坝漫顶溃坝涉及复杂的水-土-结构耦合作用,揭示其防渗体破坏机制和坝体溃决机理,建立溃坝过程数值模拟方法对科学预测溃坝致灾后果和防灾减灾具有重大意义。笔者介绍了团队围绕高土石坝漫顶溃坝过程模拟理论与方法,在高土石坝溃坝离心模型试验技术、心墙坝和面板坝等高土石坝漫顶溃坝机理、考虑流固耦合机制的高土石坝漫顶溃坝过程数值模拟方法等方面取得的系列创新成果,可为高土石坝溃坝应急决策与灾变防控提供科技支撑。

关键词: 高土石坝, 漫顶溃决, 溃决机理, 数值模拟

Abstract: China has the world′ s largest number of high earth- rock dams. While bringing significant benefits, these dams are also posing risks of disasters and even dam failures. Compared with high concrete dams, high earth- rock dams constructed with coarse- grained soil and anti- seepage bodies have low resistance to erosion, and are more prone to overtopping breaches which is triggered by massive floods from extreme precipitation. Furthermore, their breach processes display more complex characteristics of progressive failure. The overtopping-induced breaching process of high earth-rock dams involves intricate coupling effects of water-soil-structure interaction. Elucidating the failure mechanisms of their anti-seepage bodies and dam bodies as well as developing numerical simulation methods for breach progression are critical for scientifically predicting disaster impacts from dam breaches and improving mitigation and prevention strategies. This paper presents a series of innovative achievements in the simulation theory and methods for the overtopping-induced dam breaching process of high earth-rock dams, which includes the centrifugal model test technology for high earth- rock dam breaching, the overtopping-induced breach mechanisms of high earth-rock dams such as core wall rockfill dams and concrete face rockfill dams, and the numerical simulation methods for the overtopping-induced dam breaching process of high earth-rock dams considering the fluid-solid coupling mechanism. These achievements can provide scientific and technological support for emergency decision-making and disaster prevention and control of high earth-rock dam breach events.

Key words:  , high earth-rock dam, overtopping breach, breach mechanism, numerical simulation

中图分类号: